in 19th-century England, scientists were figuring out that certain parts of our brains were connected with certain parts of our bodies- but they came up with some terrible and misleading ideas that spread without rigorous scientific backing.
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Sources:
http://med.stanford.edu/medwebtraining/shc-class/student5/treatments/phrenology-lab.html
http://www.victorianweb.org/science/phrenology/intro.html
https://www.britannica.com/topic/phrenology
http://skepdic.com/phren.html
http://skepdic.com/subjectivevalidation.html
http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/01/the-shape-of-your-head-and-the-shape-of-your-mind/282578/
https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/feb/05/django-unchained-racist-science-phrenology
http://www.theness.com/index.php/phrenology-history-of-a-pseudoscience/
http://www.zmescience.com/other/crania-americana-influential-book-scientific-racism/
http://psychology.jrank.org/pages/384/Localization-Brain-Function.html
http://fmri.ucsd.edu/Research/whatisfmri.html
http://www.abta.org/brain-tumor-information/diagnosis/types-of-brain-scans.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/
http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/skulls-in-print-scientific-racism-in-the-transatlantic-world
Images:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APhrenologyPix.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1895-Dictionary-Phrenolog.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ASamuel-george-morton.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scientific_racism_irish.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ASobo_1909_624.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_Gall#/media/File:Franz_Josef_Gall3.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHoroscope_image.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AL’Agenda_1901_(1900)_(14759157706).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32907712
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACerebrum_lobes.svg.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APaul_Broca.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFrontal_lobe_animation.gif
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging#/media/File:MRI_brain.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT_scan#/media/File:Computed_tomography_of_human_brain_-_large.png
