Why Don’t Penguins’ Feet Freeze?

How do they do it? Penguins standing on ice, not only for days, but their whole lives! And their feet don’t hurt like ours would. It has something to do with blood and an amazing twist that penguins have developed.

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Sources:
https://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-infobooks/penguin/physical-characteristics
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/by-the-left-quick-march-the-emperor-penguins-migration-1212420.html
http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/science/cold_penguins.php
http://www.theanswerbank.co.uk/Animals-and-Nature/article/why-dont-penguins-feet-freeze/

http://minerva.union.edu/linthicw/concurrent.htm
http://www.biology-pages.info/H/HeatTransport.html
http://shima-miabadi.com/ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL-ARCHITECTURE
http://www.arkive.org/emperor-penguin/aptenodytes-forsteri/image-G53700.html

Images:
countercurrent heat exchange: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Countercurrent_exchange.png
Penguin Feet: https://www.flickr.com/photos/cmichel67/16739668936
Adelie Penguins: https://www.flickr.com/photos/10004136@N05/3212303306
Penguins lifting feet: https://www.flickr.com/photos/elisfanclub/5955799837
Antarctica: https://www.flickr.com/photos/61172192@N00/5884680232
Antarctica 2: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antarctica_(7),_Laubeuf_Fjord,_Webb_Island.JPG
Penguin Swimming: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gentoo_Penguin_Swimming.jpg